| Tawfik Toubi | |
|---|---|
| Date of birth | 11 May 1922 |
| Place of birth | Haifa, Mandate Palestine |
| Date of death | 12 March 2011 (aged 88) |
| Knessets | 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th |
| Party | Hadash |
| Former parties | Maki, Rakah |
Tawfik Toubi (Arabic: توفيق طوبي, Hebrew: תופיק טובי, 11 May 1922 – 12 March 2011) was an Israeli Arab communist politician.
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Toubi was born in Haifa to an Arab Orthodox family in 1922, and was educated at the Mount Zion School in Jerusalem. He joined the Palestine Communist Party in 1941 and later was one of the founders of the League for National Liberation, which originally opposed partition of Palestine but later came to accept it, after the Soviet Union indicated that it would support partition. He was elected to the Knesset in Israel's first elections in 1949 as a member of Maki. He was re-elected in 1951, 1955, 1959 and 1961. In 1965 he was involved in a breakaway from Maki to form Rakah, and was voted back into the Knesset on the new party's list later in the same year. In 1976, he was elected secretary general of the new Hadash party, an alliance of Rakah and several other smaller left-wing and Israeli Arab parties, and was elected to the Knesset on Hadash's list in 1977, 1981, 1984 and 1988, before resigning from the Knesset in July 1990 and being replaced by Tamar Gozansky. Toubi was also publisher and editor of Arab language Communist paper "Al Ittihad".[1] He retired from the Knesset in 1990, after a 41-year tenure, and died on 12 March, 2011, at age 88.[2]
Toubi is remembered as the exposer (along with Meir Vilner) of the Kafr Qasim massacre, and is seen by the Israeli left as a fighter against racism.[3] He is regarded as father of the 'state of all its citizens' formula, which he brought up when the Knesset debated the Basic Law in 1985. It now appears in the Meretz-Yachad platform, and is supported by the left, the post-Zionists and all the Arab MKs.[4] He is seen less favorably by the Israeli right, although he is remembered as more of a respected adversary than a militant anti-Zionist (such as Azmi Bishara).[5]
In 1949, Israeli poet Nathan Alterman wrote:
Who is Tawfik Tubi? A Knesset member,
a Communist, an Arab who sits
in that House by full right...
That's democracy, not always easy,
but if we don't understand this part,
we haven't gotten anything at all.[6]
Toubi raised the issue of the right of return for Palestinian refugees on at least two occasions in the Knesset. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, he demanded that the inhabitants of al-Birwa be allowed to return to their homes, a request refused by David Ben-Gurion.[7] After the 1967 war, he requested of Moshe Dayan that the inhabitants of Yalo be allowed to return to this home, a request that was similarly denied.[8] Toubi was the last surviving member of the 1st Knesset, when he died in 2011.